The sentence of stoning is one of the certain provisions in Islam. This sentence cannot be educed directly from Holly Quran. Traditions in this area are abundant and in terms of the document are reliable. It should be noted that the philosophy of stoning sentence like other Punishments is to prevent corruption and great anomalies of the society. On the other hand, despite the fact that there is no reason for assigning stoning sentence to special time such as presence time, there is no license to abandon these verses and traditions too.

Considering Quran and Hadith as the two main sources of the Islamic jurisprudence and religious law, the author proceeds through stoning to death in Islam in this article. With regard to intense reactions of the human rights against execution of this sentence (and similar sentences), the author intends to answer the question that whether it is possible to prevent Islam and Muslims from being weak through execution or non-execution of substituted judgments in spite of maintenance of religious rules?To this end, in addition to investigation of Quran sources and traditions of stoning to death and referring to its historical-religious backgrounds, various scope of valuable viewpoints have been achieved in this connection using request for opinion of the concerned authorities and review of experts’ opinions from prohibition of stoning and non-execution of stoning sentence during the absence of Imam of our time to impossibility of prohibition of execution of such sentence as the divine ordinance.

One of the most important stages in the criminal process is the implementation of the sentences, and the result of a high and progressive prosecution of crimes is highlighted. Because, on the one hand, the efforts of all the activists of the criminal justice system have not been achieved and, on the other hand, by carrying out the guarantees of criminal proceedings, the basic objectives of punishment, namely, the deterrence, reformation and reinstatement of the prisoners, and thus the right to benefit the community and the victim of the investigator It turns out. In French law, the execution of a criminal conviction is also considered a judicial stage in which the judge for the execution of the sentence, the penal court and the sentencing committee may, based on the change in the behavior of the convicted personality, without reference to the court issuing the sentence of the sentence Moderate. In the English Penal System, the judiciary institution is not individually predicted to execute sentences, but is differentiated by different institutions outside the judicial system, under the supervision of the Interior Ministry, to enforce the sentences and to adapt them to the convicted person; however, in some cases, the issuing court It can make a modification or reduction in the initial order. However, in Iran's penal system, judges have more enforcement and supervisory powers and prosecutors are employed in an administrative capacity. However, it seems that judicializing the institution of execution of judgments and creating indigenous changes in proportion to the size of the cases can lead to ensuring that the execution of sentences is proportionate and individualized with the convicted person.

The ultimate goal of the trial and in general the ultimate goal of the justice system in other words is the execution of the sentence so the stage of execution plays a very important role in the realization of justice and the aspiration of its aspirations therefore a judgment that came into force It can no longer be stopped or delayed unless explicitly ruled out by law. The principle of urgency is the principle of continuity and the principle of prohibition in preventing the enforcement of the ruling from the essential principles of the implementation of the law but despite this the legislator has in exceptional cases allowed the arrest delay interruption or closure of the execution of the sentence Although the Iranian legislator has mentioned the delay and detentions of the execution of the ruling in the form of statements but has not clearly distinguished between them and has not disclosed the instances of termination and closure of the execution of the sentence in the comparative discussion of this issue in the legal system of Iraq Been paid. The Iraqi legislator has generally used three terms of arrest delay and the fall of the execution of sentences over time. And clearly and explicitly state the circumstances and circumstances of each one. The issue of detention is where the execution of the sentence enters into it becomes valid. The termination of the enforcement of the sentence through a time lapse is similar to the recent notion of the detention of a sentence. Their effect is one. But they have different conditions- and the delay of the ruling is a situation which- if the execution of the sentence is not started is delayed and if started stops to determine the final outcome.

The principle of judicialization of execution, which expresses the necessity of the intervention of the judicial authority, along with wide powers in the execution of the punishment and in order to make the punishment appropriate to the character of the convicts, is one of the most important principles of fair proceedings at this stage. Many legislators, realizing the necessity of this principle in the implementation phase, have accepted and applied its requirements for a long time. Appointing a qualified judge to execute judgments, granting the necessary powers to him and the enforcement body, and the possibility of protesting his decisions, are the most important requirements and requirements of the principle of judicialization of the execution of criminal judgments. Now, while recognizing the execution judge, he has granted him powers; However, this is facing serious criticisms and challenges due to the non-determination of conditions such as expertise and experience, non-granting of full judicial powers and the impossibility of protesting his decisions. It seems that the approval of the "Law on the execution of Criminal sentences" and the creation of an independent structure of the institution of the execution of criminal judgments along with the granting of the necessary powers in the field of the use of correctional institutions, the right to change the punishment and the recognition of the decisions of the execution judge as objectionable in a higher authority, seem to be the solution.

Background and Objective: Today, instead of preserving the health and life of people in some health centers, under the pretext of pity, the patients with difficult-to-cure diseases are suggested to accelerate selective death. Euthanasia dates back to ancient Roma and is one of the controversial topics discussed in different legal and jurisprudential aspects in academic circles. With the intent of explaining the jurisprudence sentence for euthanasia, alongside proposing some primary topics, in this article we have tried to introduce a new category based on an effective criterion in the jurisprudence sentence unlike the common categories in scientific circles. Method: This library research is descriptive-analytical for which the articles of years between 1996 and 1997 were studied and reviewed. The procedure was as follows: keywords such as euthanasia, self-killing, retaliation, suicide, self-preservation, and imperative and dispositive rule were searched; then, the Qur`an and the books with jurisprudential and deductive themes such as Fikh va Hoghoogh-e-Tahaffozi by Ayat-Allah Sistani, Vasael Al-Shiea and Mostadrak were used. After analysis, the findings were taught and discussed in 10 sessions of the Hawza classes. All ethical issues were observed in this study and the researchers declared no conflict of interests. Results: The overall eight types of euthanasia and their subcategories are classified into three general major categories: a) Three of them are the case of intentional murdering and imperative rule of prohibition as well as dispositive rule of retaliation. b) One of them is the case of general suicidal that has only imperative prohibition. c) Four of them are the case of general necessity of self-preservation, leaving which has imperative prohibition, and doesn`t have dispositive rule due to self-killing. Conclusion: All of the eight forms of euthanasia are prohibited and we recommend that instead of this, revival be tried. This requires conducting studies to find treatment for difficult-to-cure diseases.

ABSTRACT Over the past 50 years since the first research in the field of urban development implementation plans, there has been a noticeable absence of a comprehensive literature review on this topic in the global arena. This article provides a textual analysis related to the subject of urban development implementation plans, to identify important and recurring themes alongside analyzing the relationships between authors, journals, and countries in this field. Along with the bibliographic analysis, documents related to the field of urban development implementation plans were reviewed to identify influential indicators in their implementation. To this end, 456 scientific articles were extracted from the Scopus scientific database as of October 28th, 2022, and analyzed using scientometric software. These analyses include examining author keywords, country co-authorships, journal bibliographic coupling, and author co-citations. In this study, 74 final indicators were identified as the most recurrent indicators in this field. The bibliographic analysis also produced several noteworthy results. The United States is the most active country in this field, with a link strength of 40 and 176 articles. Berke, P. is the most influential author in this field, with a link strength of 1623 and 99 citations. Among the journals examined, "Land Use Policy" has the highest bibliographic coupling strength of 84, and the "Journal of the American Planning Association" has the highest number of documents related to this field, with 22 documents; finally, among the identified. Extended Abstract Introduction The implementation of urban development projects has been a neglected topic in public policy research, despite its critical importance in ensuring the success of such projects. While there have been numerous studies on the factors that contribute to the success or failure of policy implementation, there has been a lack of systematic reviews on the subject of implementation as a whole. This study aims to address this gap in knowledge by providing a comprehensive overview of the implementation process of urban development projects. This study aims to address this gap in knowledge by providing a comprehensive overview of the implementation process of urban development projects. The study begins by collecting and categorizing existing research in the field, focusing on three main questions: -What are the key indicators for successful implementation? -What are urban journals and articles' current trends and performance? -How do countries and researchers collaborate in this area? The study also examines the relationships between authors, publishers, and different types of documents through bibliographic analysis. Ultimately, this study highlights the need for further research and a more structured approach to understanding the implementation process of urban development projects.   Methodology This study examined the literature related to implementation and evaluation plans in urban and land use planning. The authors used the Scopus database to extract and collect data, focusing on combining the keywords "implementation-plan" and "evaluation-plan" in the keywords, abstracts, and titles. Initially, 621 studies were extracted, but 456 articles were selected as the final database after filtering out non-article documents. The authors observed a general upward trend for studies from 1968 to 2022, with a significant increase in the slope of the trend from 2007. However, a slight decrease in studies was observed in 2021 and 2022, possibly due to the global pandemic and the emergence of new related topics. The authors used a four-stage process to analyze the bibliographic subject of the study, including simultaneous occurrence analysis, co-authorship analysis, bibliographic coupling analysis, co-citation analysis, content analysis, and thematic analysis. The authors identified the selected articles' research objectives, methodologies, findings, and main themes and sub-themes. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the literature on implementation and evaluation plans in urban and land use planning.   Results and discussion This research aims to comprehensively analyze the implementation and execution of urban development plans using bibliometrics and systematic analysis. The study considers evaluation as a crucial part of the implementation process and seeks to answer three fundamental questions. Firstly, it identifies effective indicators of implementation and execution globally. Secondly, it examines the trends and performances of new articles and urban journals. Thirdly, it investigates the pattern of cooperation among countries and researchers. The study identifies 74 general indicators that significantly impact the implementation process of urban plans. The results show that "performance evaluation," "effectiveness," "land use," "zonation," "participation," "program quality," and "implementation program" are critical indicators in this area. The study also highlights the importance of evaluation in the discussion of program implementation and its separability from the implementation process. Using the scientometric software VOSviewer, the study analyzed 68 keywords related to the bibliographic topic. "Program evaluation" obtained the first place, followed by "Program implementation" and "Program quality." The co-authorship analysis based on author items revealed that Berke, P. has the highest number of citations and link strength. Additionally, the study found that 72 countries have research in this field, with 22 countries having at least 5 citations that were clustered into 5 clusters by the software. The "land use policy" journal had the highest link strength, and the "Journal of the American planning association" had the highest number of documents related to this field. In conclusion, the study provides valuable insights for policymakers and researchers interested in urban development planning. It comprehensively examines the implementation and execution of urban development plans, identifies effective indicators, and investigates the pattern of cooperation among countries and researchers. The study highlights the importance of evaluation in the implementation process and its separability from the implementation process.   Conclusion The main goal of this research was to fill the gap in research on the implementation and execution of urban development projects in the field, as no systematic review of the topic has been conducted from a global perspective since the first research in this field about half a century ago. Only in some studies, such as those by Talen (1996), Oliveira & Pinho (2010), Rudolf & Grădinaru (2017), has the evaluation of implementation been systematically reviewed, or the systematic review of experiences in a specific urban area, such as the review of various experiences in the Beijing urban area (Chu, 2020). In this research, with the comprehensive approach that the evaluation of implementation is an integral part of the overall process of implementing and executing urban development projects, this process has been examined from the perspective of bibliometrics and systematic analysis of this field. The main difference of this research, which makes it completely new, is firstly having a comprehensive approach to the implementation field, where program evaluation is only an important part of its structure, and secondly, using the scientometric software VOSviewer for the first time in this field. In essence, the conclusive outcomes of this investigation were entirely novel and exhibited some partial congruences with antecedent studies in the domain of appraising and discerning indicators. Significantly, this research has conferred a systematic appraisal of the literature concerning the urban implementation and execution of projects, which is an unprecedented contribution. It should be acknowledged that this is an initial survey of data intended to offer a comprehensive outlook on this scholarly field, and thus it is subject to certain limitations, such as its confinement to the Scopus database. As such, it is recommended that future research endeavors encompass an analysis of additional databases and undertake comparative evaluations of the results. Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

However, the punishment of imprisonment has become the main response of domestic and international arsenals,But now one of the most important challenges facing the International Criminal Court is how to enforce its sentences, and especially the execution of imprisonment. according to the Statute of the Court, imprisonment is carried out through voluntary agreements with the receiving countries and in the domestic prisons of each country. Of course, the court itself has a special detention center in The Hague, where the defendants are kept until they are sentenced and transferred to the target prison. It seems that the principle of independence of the Court requires the creation of a new mechanism in the execution of its imprisonment sentences,What is more, the receiving countries, due to lack of focus, distinction in services and quality of prisons, and cultural and linguistic differences, can not fully meet the objectives of the imprisonment sentence imposed by the Court. This article, while addressing the concept, background and reasons of imprisonment and how to implement this punishment in the international penal system, with a forward-looking approach, seeks to prove the necessity of establishing an international prison. From the authorschr('39'). . .

The contrastive analysis of languages is one the most important for recognizing the coherent templates to train vocabularies, grammar, semantics and pragmatics in different levels. In this regard, the present study investigates the contrastive analysis of Persian and Arabic based on sentence. The authors try to study syntax (sentence) of Persian and Arabic from the views of semantics by descriptive-analytical and contrastive approach. For realizing to syntactical contrastive, a criterion common to both Persian and Arabic was presented studying syntactical issues in three areas including phrases, clauses and sentences. The mentioned criterion is based on semantic. In this way, the changes that were made for transferring the meaning between the two languages were explained to help translators and language learners.